Arkhaia Anatolika

Arrangment of Mutulus and Guttae in Doric Geison

Zeliha GİDER BÜYÜKÖZER

Arkhaia Anatolika 1. Sayı

Received Date : 14.07.2018 | Acceptance Date : 19.10.2018

DOI : 10.32949/Arkhaia.2018.4 | Online Publication Date : 15.11.2018 18:17:43

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Doric geison blocks with mutules-guttae become standard elements of architecture in the beginning of the 6th century BC. The Doric geison, however, and its different applications in early cases show that distinct development over time. A characteristic of 6th century BC buildings that the mutules-guttae placed on the metope be narrower than the mutules-guttae on triglyphs; accordingly the number of guttae on the surface of the mutules changes. After much experimentation on mutule arrangement and guttae number, architects in the 6th century BC balanced the width of the mutules on the metopes with the triglyphs around 530 BC and fixed the number of guttae as 3x6. The narrow application of the mutules on the metopes was also reapplied occasionally in the Roman period.

In the Classical Period, the slope of the mutules was calculated as ± 15° and from the second half of the 4th century BC this angle began to get smaller. In 2nd century BC, the slope of the mutules was usually either very low or there was no slope at all; this implementation continued in the Early Imperial Period.

In the earliest examples, thick mutules and long guttae are a characteristic feature in Doric geisons. In Doric buildings in Anatolia, beginning from the 3rd century BC, guttae and mutules began to shrink. Mutules executed in the form of thin plates, however, began in the first half of the 2^nd century BC, and this type of mutule continued to be used throughout the Roman period. In some Doric geisons dated to the Late Hellenistic and Early Imperial periods, mutules were separated from viae by a fine line. The mutules placed in the area between the geison soffit and the drips from the early stages are also connected to these two elements. Over time mutules were disconnected from the geison soffit and drip; thus a fine fascia was formed between the geison soffit and the mutules and between mutules and drip.

The distribution of guttae over the surface of mutules also evolved over time. In the early stages, the distance between the guttae sequences in the triple sequence is about double or slightly more than double the diameter of the guttae. This distance, which is usually 3:2 in the 4th century BC, was equalized in a few buildings in the 3rd century BC, in the 2nd century BC; the distance between guttae was set narrower than the diameter of guttae. Densely set guttae are a characteristic of buildings from the Roman period. In the Early Imperial period, besides the mutules, with the guttae set aside on the four sides, the opposite practice, which was mutules with guttae pulled toward inside on the four sides, was also used together. Another change in Doric geison is evident in the area between the width of the mutules and the width of the viae. The viae, which were worked at the proportion of 1:5 in the early stages, narrowed steadily later in the period and towards the end of the 1st century AD it decreased as much as the proportion of 1:10.

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